How to install LEMP stack (Linux + Nginx + MySQL + PHP)

To run modern websites and applications, the LEMP stack is often used: Linux, Nginx, MySQL/MariaDB and PHP. This combination combines stability and high performance, allowing you to quickly process requests and work with dynamic content.

LEMP is suitable for web services of any scale: personal blog, corporate websites, online stores and applications of any complexity. Flexible configuration and low resource consumption make it a popular solution among developers and system administrators.

In this article we will look at how to install a LEMP stack step by step.

Step 1: Prepare the server

1. Connect to the server via SSH 
2. Create a new user (so as not to work as root):
   adduser userName
3. Give him administrator rights:
   usermod -aG sudo userName
4. Switch to new user:
   su - userName
5. Update the system:
   sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade -y

Step 2. Install and configure Nginx

1. Install the web server:
   sudo apt-get install nginx

2. Open ports in the firewall:For HTTP (80):
   sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables-save

   For HTTPS (443):sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables-save
3. Go to the server IP address — the standard Nginx page should open.

Step 3: Install and Configure MySQL

1. Install the DBMS. In our case it will be MySQL:
   sudo apt-get install mysql-server
2. Connect to MySQL as root:
   mysql -u root -p
3. Create a user:CREATE USER 'user-name'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'user-name'@'localhost';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
4. Create a database:
   CREATE DATABASE BaseName;

Step 4: Install and Configure PHP

1. Install PHP and modules:
   sudo apt-get install php-fpm php-mysql
2. Determine PHP Version
   php -v
3. Open the php.ini settings file:
   sudo nano /etc/php/X.X/fpm/php.ini (instead of X.X, substitute your version, for example 7.4).
4. Find the line
   ;cgi.fix_pathinfo=1
5.  Remove ; and replace with:
   cgi.fix_pathinfo=0
6. Restart PHP:
   sudo systemctl restart phpX.X-fpm

Step 5. Configure Nginx to work with PHP

1. Open the configuration:
   sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/default
2. Make changes:
   
   add to the index line index.php;
   in server_name specify the domain or IP;
   uncomment the block location ~ .php$ and configure fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/phpX.X-fpm.sock;
   uncomment the block location ~ /.ht.
3. Check the file for errors:
   sudo nginx -t
4. Restart Nginx:
   sudo systemctl reload nginx

Step 6. Check the server operation

1. Create a test file:
   sudo bash -c 'echo "<?php phpinfo(); ?>" > /var/www/html/info.php
2. Go to your browser to:
   http://IP_server/info.php
3. Make sure the PHP options page opens.
4. Remove the test file:

sudo rm /var/www/html/info.php

Everything is ready: the LEMP stack is now installed and configured on the server. You can host websites and connect databases.

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